Essay How Is The Internet Reshaping Culture - 1362 Words

How is the Internet reshaping what we mean by culture? During the 20th century, electricity, the telephone, the automobile, and the airplane made the world more accessible to people and transforming our society in the process. Most people had to call their local bank to check their statements. Or wait for the paper invoice in the mail. The latest score for last nights hockey game were found in the local newspaper. Then came the accessible worldwide system of interconnected networks called the Internet. The Internet is the publicly accessible worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using a standardized Internet Protocol (IP). It is made up of thousands of smaller commercial,†¦show more content†¦Some argue, Change is good but dealing with such a powerful and compelling cyber-entity that has the power revolutionize virtually anything can be a dangerous tool. The main advantage of any new technology is that it amplifies hu man potential. (Gates). With help from the Internet we see more individuals getting involved with cyber-bullying, stalking, and pornography to an extreme level. Last year in the United States, the initiative prosecuted 865 subjects and shut down 2,638 child pornography Web sites(DesRochers). However with these implications the Internet gives people the opportunity to put their knowledge to work and take advantage of greater opportunities to lead productive and fulfilling lives(Gates). With the Internet it gives many people the ability to work online and grants others to chance to apply to jobs online. With the aid of the Internet the educational system is vastly improving, it gives students the opportunity to look for precise information that they would not find in books, newspapers, magazines, or encyclopedias. It is a doorway to a vast amount of knowledge and with a simple click it can spark up anyones adventure. The Internet has become a hot spot in the world of business because of its rapidly expanding users. Small-businesses and organizations have been concentrating their resources on using this new medium. In fact its common knowledge that the InternetShow MoreRelatedHow Is the Internet Reshaping What We Mean by Culture?1436 Words   |  6 PagesHow is the Internet reshaping what we mean by culture? During the 20th century, electricity, the telephone, the automobile, and the airplane made the world more accessible to people and transforming our society in the process. Most people had to call their local bank to check their statements. Or wait for the paper invoice in the mail. The latest score for last nights hockey game were found in the local newspaper. Then came the accessible worldwide system of interconnected networks called theRead MoreA Short Note On Pop Music And Its Effects On Popular Culture932 Words   |  4 PagesJung Shim (2014, pp.485) illustrate that following Psy’s global success, other Korean pop music or K-Pop, have become one of the most vigorously distributed forms of pop culture globally, through its distribution via social networks. Hogarth (2013, pp.144) illustrates how K-Pop entertainment agencies have recognised the Internet as an important means of spreading this cultural product internationally, and now continuously launch K-Pop music video s through YouTube. As most K-Pop videos are freelyRead MoreGlobalization Is Harmful to Culture863 Words   |  3 Pagesand the whole culture of a developing nation are hurt when globalization occurs. Developing countries are targeted by countries such as America because they have a lower standard of living and are less regulated when it comes to work. When we infiltrate these countries, weather we mean it or not, we shake up their way of life in many different aspects and their culture they once new is destroyed. In a new era of technology and travel it has become much easier to change the culture of nations andRead MoreThe Impact of the Internet on Globalization Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of the Internet on Globalization Globalization, a growing phenomenon that can be described as a â€Å"shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy† (Hill 7), has been the subject of many books and discussions for the past decade. Along with the development of microprocessors, the Internet is perhaps the most significant technological innovation of our time, playing a substantial role in the growth of globalization. The Internet facilitated the expansion of the movementRead MoreThe widespread image of American culture is seen to hold a strong base for globalisation. The1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe widespread image of American culture is seen to hold a strong base for globalisation. The extensive connectivity of the modern world, confirms Marshal McLuhans prediction of the global village. Globalisation is commonly seen as western culture imputing international cultures. Internet and television have also created transnational media whereas globalisation is commonly seen as a flow of informa tion impending of western culture. Whereas, how will the younger generation will not be able to enjoyRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1269 Words   |  6 Pagesradically reshaping the world (Marina 240) and though some may argue that media has more negative aspects associated with it, there are many positives to it as well. One of the positive aspects of the mass media is the binding influence associated with it and how it is changing our society making the world one large global village — the world as a single community. We now see everything everywhere and it is causing the world to change in the way that people are adapting to new cultures they may notRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1256 Words   |  6 Pagesare radically reshaping the world (Marina 240) and though some may argue that media has more negative aspects associated with it, there are many positives to it as well. One of the positive aspects of the media is the binding influence associated with it and how it is changing our society making the world one large global village — the world as a single community. We now see everything everywhere and it is causing the world to change in the way that people are adapting to new cultures they may notRead MoreThe Internet And Society : Shaping The Information Age1138 Words   |  5 Pages8356 November 30, 2015 The Internet Society Shaping the Information Age In todays Information Age, the Internet has become the most sought after resource tool by millions. It is reshaping the way people live in society and how they interact with one another. As more and more people log on the Internet, it has undoubtedly changed the way people think and feel about each other and the world around us. Communication has always been an important part of American culture and crucial to social livesRead MoreReflection of My Vogue Media Consumption749 Words   |  3 PagesToday society is mostly technology based and like any other young adult my media consumption is constant. During the four days that I recorded my media usage I realized that I am always exposed to technology and I became aware of how social networks shape my daily life. There is not a time that I don’t use my cellphone, social networks or listen to music. My personal media consumption depends on apps and social networks like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and many other websites. Since I am passionateRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1396 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology on its own cannot be beneficial or detrimental to the cognitive ability and the human relationship. Its effect on society depends on how and when technology is used. Technology continues to interact with our human experience in some way or the other. It is profoundly reshaping how we live today and giving rise to new strand of lifestyle and custom. With the rise of technologies, we expect to gain from its advances in the field of communication, social interaction, research and development

Integrity in Characters of Different Literary Works

Integrity Integrity is the basing of ones actions on an internally consistent framework of principles. Meaning, one who has integrity bases their actions on a moral code of honor, character, strength, and courage. These principles guide a character’s motive and cause, putting public image aside to lead a life chivalry and conviction. One example this is Willie Bodega of Bodega Dreams by Ernesto Quià ±onez. Although Willie’s means are shady, he strives for the betterment of Spanish Harlem through the improvement of abandoned and damaged apartments. Next, there is John Proctor of The Crucible by Arthur Miller. Proctor refuses to provide a false confession is a true religious and personal stand. By refusing to give up his personal†¦show more content†¦This action shows integrity because Willie took a complete outsider of his business, and guides him in the way of running an empire. Next, there is John Proctor, an honorable man of the colony of Salem, Massachusetts. Procto r becomes tied up with the literal and figurative witch hunt in Salem, his wife is being accused by his secret lover Abigail Williams. The only way to have his wife escape a hanging is to admit that had relations with Abigail to the court. His great pride and fear of public view forced him to keep his adultery from the court. However, Proctor becomes more concerned with his individual integrity than his public status. Proctor still wants to cleanse his name, but for religious and personal reasons. Proctors refusal to supply a false confession is a true personal and religious stand. Confessing would dishonor his fellow prisoners, who are brave enough to hang at the gallows as statement of truth. More importantly, a false admission would also dishonor him, tainting not just his public standing, but also his soul and integrity. By refusing to forfeit his own integrity Proctor implicitly proclaims his conviction that such integrity will bring him to heaven. He is martyred, being redeeme d for his earlier sins. Lastly, there is Holden Caulfield who epitomizes the complete opposite of integrity. Holden glorifies his deceptions and lies he gets away with. He prides himself on how people fall for his dishonesty. This in and ofShow MoreRelatedTeaching Biblical Based Values And Helping Students Develop Their Characters As Christian Young Men And Women980 Words   |  4 Pagesand purpose of human existence† (Knight, 2006, p. 230). As Knight so clearly states, the secondary English classroom is rife with opportunities for teaching biblical-based values and helping students develop their characters as Christian young men and women. By examining literary characters, historical figures, writing samples, and by expressing themselves through the use of language, students encounter many opportunities to reflect upon and discuss a plethora of values. Van Brummelen (2002) lists anRead MoreLiterary Masterpieces in Contemporary Society Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Masterpieces in Contemporary Society April Clark, Kristi Garcia, Deatrice Dale, Darlene Powell ENG/106 December 3, 2012 Daphne Matthews Literary Masterpieces in Contemporary Society Literary masterpieces are known to withstand the test of time. The passing of years, government movements, and the changing of ideas as the world grows older literary masterpieces still strive on. Literary masterpieces come in all forms; semantics, poetry (literary form), Short stories, andRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer s Impact On Literature1231 Words   |  5 PagesChaucer wrote several famous literary works in what is called middle English. Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1340 in London, England. Over the course of Chaucer’s life, he entered and exited several different social classes. He began to write his most known pieces when he became a public servant to Countess Elizabeth of Ulster in 1357. He died on October 25, 1400 in London, England, and was buried in Westminster Abbey’s Poet’s Corner. In Chaucer’s life he wrote over 500 works of literature, which includesRead MoreNo One Hears Words on a Page: The Native American Oral Tradition1021 Word s   |  5 Pagesauthors is not diminished by the fact they fail to fully transcribe tales of the oral tradition into an equally successful literary story. The basic elements of the oral tradition are technically adhered to but the interaction between audience and the teller is absent. The lack of personal interaction with the histories and ethical tales changes the culture of Native Americans. Literary stories are generally published for public consumption. The public, not sensitive to Native culture, then controls theRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations: End Analysis1039 Words   |  4 Pagesconclusion of all that has preceded it. An illogical ending will yield an unsatisfying narrative, and even a surprise ending must have some internal consistency to it. Therefore, internal consistency is a criterion of a good literary ending. Another criterion of a good literary ending is that it be one that is consistent with the theme and tone of the novel. The ending must also leave the reader with the impact intended by the author. In other words, an ending is what the author is really trying toRead MoreHuman Selfless or Selfish in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1302 Words   |  6 Pagesinstinctively prioritize their own individual security over other people’s welfares. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s literary works, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and The Scarlett Letter, as well as F. Scott Fitzgerald’s renowned novel, The Great Gatsby, all reference the idea that people impulsively pursue perfection, as determined by their community’s values. While different communities establish different standards for perfection, society as whole romanticizes the idea of perfection and subsequently people striveRead MoreThe Stages of Maturation in James Joyce’s Araby John Updikes AP from the Authors Perspective902 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to continually compare two of their similar works in Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and Updike’s â€Å"AP†. James Joyce and John Updike follow similar views with the latter using Joyce as a foundation and following in similar footsteps; both authors follow a process of maturation based on the allure of love, while doing it at different stages of each of the protagonists’ lives resulting in similar views with different stages. First, both authors use the characters telling their own story in first person narrationRead MoreGreat Expectations And Little Red Riding Cap1272 Words   |  6 Pages Firstly, I will present to you the meaning and definition of Formalization. From there I will introduce the tale of Great Expectations, giving a detailed summary of the book and its themes. Then I will show the different examples of formalization within the tale and how this literary technique aids the reader in understanding the narrative. For the second half of this essay, I will then delve into the Brothers Grimm’s telling of Little Red Riding Ca p, where I will once again give a summary of theRead MoreHard Times Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary works often portray or allude to the society in which they are written. Characters take upon social statuses, and whose positions and characterizations are determined by those statuses. Social statuses, in any context, are hard to change. It is the American Dream to move from a lower class to the upper class, and the American Dream is hard to obtain, although easy to wish for. These social classes provide easy identification of characters, but also prove to be barriers within the societyRead MoreAbraham Stoker and Theater1231 Words   |  5 PagesIrish tales. It is not very shocking to see that, because he grew up around misery, he became so intrigued with dark literature. His mother built the foundation that Stoker would later build his theatrical/literary empire on. His love for theater introduced him to the literary world. Stoker’s work and interest with theater is what eventually led him to become so involved with Gothic Literature. He was not fully capable of his writing abilities until after he enrolled in college. â€Å"[Stoker] enrolled

A Comparison of The Raven and The TellTale Heart Essay Example For Students

A Comparison of The Raven and The TellTale Heart Essay Comparisons of The Raven and The Tell-Tale HeartEdgar Allen Poes story A Tell Tale Heart, has the protagonist obsessed with an oldmans eye. This obsession causes a conflict between the protagonist and his sanity. In TheRaven the man imagines that a raven is a godsend, intended to relieve him of his anguish. Theman imagines that like all other blessings of his life, the bird will leave. One of the main things ofboth stories have an eerie and dark side to them that are in common in Poes writings. Darkness is one of the characteristics in Edgar Allen Poes writings. In The Raven thepoem takes place in the month of a dark, and bleak, December and in the story of The Tell-TaleHeart the murder that the man commits takes place at midnight, showing the darkness of Poeswritings yet again. All of Poes writings have a certain darkness and gloom to them that personifiesthe dark side of romanticism writing. In conclusion the 2 poems hav ea significant deal Bibliography:

William Shakespeare Essay Paper Example For Students

William Shakespeare Essay Paper William Shakespeare, undoubtedly one of the best playwrights of all time, was born in April of 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire. His parents were John Shakespeare, a whittawer, and Mary Arden Shakespeare. He was the third of eight children born to John and Mary and was their first son. They lived on Henley Street in Stratford. His baptism was on April 26 of that year at Stratfords Holy Trinity Church. His date of birth is assumed to be April 23. He went to Stratford Grammar School from the age of seven to fourteen. At the age of eighteen, on November 28, 1582, William was married by the bishop of Worcester, to Anne Hathaway of Shottery. Anne was seven or eight years older than him and was three months pregnant at the time of their marriage. Their first child together, Susanna, was born on May 26, 1583. Two years after that, Hamnet and Judith were born together. Shakespeare and his family most likely lived in the house on Henley Street. In 1592, Shakespeares theater career took off. Robert Greene referred to him as an upstart crow, and from that point on, everyone started paying attention to him. Other famous and notable literary critics also commented on Shakespeare. Shakespeare belonged to a number of acting companies in the beginning: The Queens Men, Pembrokes Men, and Lord Stranges Men. We will write a custom essay on William Shakespeare Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But in January of 1593, a plague broke out and theaters all across London were closed. In December of 1594, Shakespeare has been noted to have started performing again. His new acting company was known as Lord Chamberlains Men. The decade or so after that, was huge for Shakespeare. This was the time of The Great Globe theater where many of his best plays were performed. During this time, Shakespeare produced a steady line of hit plays, historical plays, comedies, and tragedies. In 1599 he finally became a part owner of the Globe. While all of this went on in London, Shakespeares family resided back in Stratford, about 100 miles northwest of London. It is suggested that he often made trips to see his family and deliver them money. In the August of 1596, his only son Hamnet died. Shakespeare left the stage in 1611, right after his last play,The Tempest. He then returned home to live with his family at the old house on Henley Street. Both of Shakespeares daughters married. Susanna, the older of his two daughters, married a locally well-known doctor named John Hall. In his final days, Dr. Hall most likely attended to him in his sickness. William Shakespeare died at the age of 52 on April 23, 1616. (Source:www.daphne.palomar.edu/shakespeare/timeline/timeline.htm)

Ida B. Wells vs. Booker T. Washington Essay Example

Ida B. Wells vs. Booker T. Washington Essay Example Ida B. Wells vs. Booker T. Washington Paper Ida B. Wells vs. Booker T. Washington Paper In post-reconstruction America, many Black writers, ministers, teachers and others eloquently argued on behalf of freedom and Justice for Black Americans, advocating various strategies for achieving racial and economic equality. Two such leaders who helped shape the political discourse were Ida B. Wells and Booker T. Washington. Urging politically divergent approaches, they both wanted African American people and men in particular, to be valued and respected by the white south. However, they differed significantly in the means by which they believed such change would come bout. Ida 8. Wells told the truth in a way that made many whites uncomfortable, addressing lynching and other racially motivated atrocities directly and proposing that African Americans collectively leverage economic power through strikes and boycotts, and individually protect themselves from lynches with weapons. In contrast, Washington was more conciliatory, appealing to whites to give African Americans the opportunity to prove their technical capacity and participate alongside whites as legitimate economic partners. While the gradualist gained unprecedented access o formal political power through his white benefactors, I believe Ida B. Wells argument that African Americans stop conceding power to whites was more persuasive In advancing racial equality for African Americans In post-reconstruction America. Wells and Washingtons thoughts were formed in the period immediately following reconstruction. The 14th and 15th amendments had been ratified in 1868, three years after the civil war ended, bringing much hope about the potential for an economically stable south with enough resources to go around. Wells was born a slave In Holly Springs, Mississippi, in 1862. She started teaching In a rural school for blacks, and eventually taught In Memphis schools for African Americans. Around 1887, Wells started writing for several black-owned newspapers, Including Free Speech, which she co-owned. She frequently discussed the unequal education opportunities for whites and blacks in Memphis and was fired and ran out of Memphis by whites for the strong positions she took. Including in her March 1892 editorial response to the lynching of three black men, one a friend of Wells. Booker T. Washington was also born a slave in 1856, In Franklin County, Virginia. At 17, he attended Hampton Institute, a school for African Americans, spent three decades developing the Tuskegee Institute for African Americans, and received an honorary degree from Harvard College in 1891. By the time of the Atlanta Exposition Address in 1895, Washington was considered the most sought after African American speaker in the United States. Leading up to these speeches, which were given in 1892 (Wells) and 1895 (Washington), a scourge of lynching had begun which terrorized African Americans and claimed at least 1357 lives between 1889 and 1900. On top of this instant threat of murder through Individual lynching, the political establishments In southern states launched a series of official campaigns that would later morph into Jim Crow laws, which formalized and legitimated the segregated south. Another contenting factor was the region wide need for economic stimulus thirty years after the end of the civil war, the south was still struggling to define and realize its industrial potential in relationship to the North and the world. Wells and different audiences. Wells editorial spoke directly to African Americans, while Washingtons address spoke primarily to white business and political leaders, regardless of who was in the room. Wells editorial primarily argues for increased self-sufficiency through African Americans boycotting white businesses, organizing strikes against white employers when needed, and arming for self-defense as a form or protection against lynching. She gives multiple examples demonstrating the effectiveness of such campaigns, as in the case of the white street car company leadership recognizing the power of the black consumer, suggesting that African Americans could incite a bloodless revolution by attacking the white mans dollar which) is his god . Washingtons address primarily argues for hard work and friendliness towards whites, suggesting that African Americans cast down their bucket and learn that it is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top. He further warns against the extremist folly of focusing on social Justice through artificial forcing, perhaps referring to the well circulated idea that African Americans should be given easier access to land without the severe and constant struggle which Washington actually praises and upholds as a true path to economic equality. Both documents had some immediate impacts for their authors and speak quite a bit to their own experiences. Following Wells editorial, the newspaper Free Speech was destroyed, and newspaper leaders including Wells were attacked, threatened, and/or forced to leave Memphis. In contrast, after Washingtons address, he was invited to dinner with President Roosevelt. This speech cemented his position as the African American poster boy for the noticeably faulty vision of a harmonious, interdependent south in which each component And each person Had a clearly defined place. Many signs pointed to the impossibility of realizing a peaceful south without mandating a means for African American land ownership, yet most whites, especially in the North, were happy to keep believing in the broken dream of racial equality without economic Justice. In conclusion, Washington was feeding white people with what they wanted to hear. Although he was also secretly involved in more radical work to give tangible opportunities to African Americans, his public concessions allowed whites to live in an illusion and believe they were standing on the side of good. His willingness to abandon his more activist peers ether than use his position as a bridge builder to argue for land reparations was unfortunate. In contrast, although her radical approach was more easily dismissed by whites, Wells spoke truth to power. She used her personal resources and print platforms to mobile, encourage, and incite change among African Americans. Ida B. Wells believed in the internal resources and organizing capacity of African Americans, which I still find to be perhaps the most persuasive of strategies for any oppressed group to achieve equality to value their lives and demand respect though collective economic power, rather than beg for it.

Battle of King Mountain in the American Revolution

Battle of King Mountain in the American Revolution The Battle of Kings Mountain was fought October 7, 1780, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Having shifted their focus south, the British achieved a decisive victory in May 1780 when they captured Charleston, SC. As the British pushed inland, the Americans suffered a string of defeats which allowed  Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis to secure much of South Carolina. As Cornwallis moved north, he dispatched Major Patrick Ferguson west with a force of Loyalists to protect his flank and supply lines from local militias. Fergusons command was engaged by an American militia force at Kings Mountain on October 7 and destroyed. The victory provided a badly needed boost to American morale and forced Cornwallis to abandon his advance into North Carolina. Background Following their defeat at Saratoga in late 1777 and the French entry into the war, British forces in North America began pursuing a southern strategy for ending the rebellion. Believing that Loyalist support was higher in the South, successful efforts were made to capture Savannah in 1778, followed by General Sir Henry Clintons siege and taking of Charleston in 1780. In the wake of the citys fall, Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton crushed an American force at Waxhaws in May 1780. The battle became infamous in the region as Tarletons men killed numerous Americans as they attempted to surrender. American fortunes in the region continued to decline that August when the victor of Saratoga, Major General Horatio Gates, was routed at the Battle of Camden by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis. Believing that Georgia and South Carolina had effectively been subjugated, Cornwallis began planning for a campaign into North Carolina. While organized resistance from the Continental Army had been swept aside, numerous local militias, particularly those from over the Appalachian Mountains, continued to cause problems for the British. Skirmishes in the West In the weeks prior to Camden, Colonels Isaac Shelby, Elijah Clarke, and Charles McDowell struck Loyalist strongholds at Thicketty Fort, Fair Forest Creek, and Musgrove Mill. This last engagement saw the militia raid a Loyalist camp that guarded a ford over the Enoree River. In the fighting, the Americans killed 63 Tories while capturing another 70. The victory led to the colonels discussing a march against Ninety-Six, SC, but they aborted this plan upon learning of Gates defeat. Concerned that these militias could attack his supply lines and undermine his future efforts, Cornwallis dispatched a strong flanking column to secure the western counties as he moved north. Command of this unit was given to Major Patrick Ferguson. A promising young officer, Ferguson had earlier developed an effective breech-loading rifle which possessed a greater rate of fire than the traditional Brown Bess musket and could be loaded while prone. In 1777, he led an experimental rifle corps equipped with the weapon until being wounded at the Battle of Brandywine. Ferguson Acts A believer that militia could be trained to be as effective as regulars, Fergusons command was composed of 1,000 Loyalists from the region. Appointed Inspector of Militia on May 22, 1780, he relentlessly trained and drilled his men. The result was a highly-disciplined unit that possessed strong morale. This force quickly moved against the western militias after the Battle of Musgrove Mill but was unable to catch them before they withdrew back over the mountains into the territory of the Watauga Association. While Cornwallis started moving north, Ferguson established himself at Gilbert Town, NC on September 7. Dispatching a paroled American into the mountains with a message, he issued a stark challenge to the mountain militias. Ordering them to cease their attacks, he stated that if they did not desist from their opposition to the British arms, and take protection under his standard, he would march his army over the mountains, hang their leaders, and lay their country waste with fire and sword. Commanders Armies: Americans Colonel John SevierColonel William CampbellColonel Isaac ShelbyColonel James JohnstonColonel Benjamin ClevelandColonel Joseph WinstonColonel James WilliamsColonel Charles McDowellLieutenant Colonel Frederick Hambright900 men British Major Patrick Ferguson1,000 men The Militia Reacts Rather than intimidate, Fergusons words sparked outrage in the western settlements. In response, Shelby, Colonel John Sevier, and others gathered around 1,100 militia at Sycamore Shoals on the Watauga River. This force included around 400 Virginians led by Colonel William Campbell. This rendezvous was facilitated by the fact that Joseph Martin had cultivated positive relations with the neighboring Cherokees. Known as Overmountain Men because they had settled on the western side of the Appalachian Mountains, the combined militia force made plans to cross Roan Mountain into North Carolina. On September 26, they began moving east to engage Ferguson. Four days later they joined Colonels Benjamin Cleveland and Joseph Winston near Quaker Meadows, NC and increased the size of their force to around 1,400. Alerted to the American advance by two deserters, Ferguson began withdrawing east towards Cornwallis and was no longer at Gilbert Town when the militias arrived. He also sent a dispatch to Cornwallis requesting reinforcements. Uniting Forces Appointing Campbell as their nominal overall commander, but with the five colonels agreeing to act in council, the militia moved south to Cowpens where they were joined by 400 South Carolinians under Colonel James Williams on October 6. Learning that Ferguson was camped at Kings Mountain, thirty miles to the east and eager to catch him before he could rejoin Cornwallis, Williams selected 900 picked men and horses. Departing, this force rode east through constant rain and reached Kings Mountain the following afternoon. Ferguson had chosen the position because he believed that it would force any attacker to show themselves as they moved from woods on the slopes to the open summit. Due to the difficult terrain, he elected not to fortify his camp.   Ferguson Trapped Shaped like a footprint, Kings Mountains highest point was at the heel in the southwest and it broadened and flattened towards the toes in the northeast. Approaching, Campbells colonels met to discuss strategy. Rather than simply defeat Ferguson, they sought to destroy his command. Moving through the woods in four columns, the militia slipped around the mountain and surrounded Fergusons position on the heights. While Sevier and Campbells men attacked the heel the remainder of the militia moved forward against the rest of the mountain.  Attacking around 3:00 PM, the Americans opened fire from behind cover with their rifles and caught Fergusons men by surprise (Map). Advancing in deliberate fashion, using rocks and trees for cover, the Americans were able to pick off Fergusons men on the exposed heights. Conversely, the Loyalists position on the high ground led them to frequently overshoot their targets. Given the wooded and rough terrain, each militia detachment effectively fought on its own once the battle commenced. In a precarious position with men falling around him, Ferguson ordered a bayonet attack to drive back Campbell and Seviers men. This was successful, as the enemy lacked bayonets and withdrew down the slope. Rallying at the base of the mountain, the militia began ascending a second time. Several more bayonet attacks were ordered with similar results. Each time, the Americans allowed the charge to expend itself then resumed their attack, picking off more and more Loyalists. The British Destroyed Moving around the heights, Ferguson worked tirelessly to rally his men. After an hour or so of fighting, Shelby, Sevier, and Campbells men were able to gain footholds on the heights. With his own men dropping at an increasing rate, Ferguson attempted to organize a break out. Leading a group of men forward, Ferguson was struck and dragged into the militia lines by his horse. Confronted by an American officer, Ferguson fired and killed him before being shot multiple times by surrounding militiamen. With their leader gone, the Loyalists began attempting to surrender. Shouting Remember Waxhaws and Tarletons Quarter, many in the militia continued to fire, striking down surrendering Loyalists until their colonels could regain control of the situation. Aftermath While casualty numbers for the Battle of Kings Mountain vary from source to source, the Americans lost around 28 killed and 68 wounded. British losses numbered around 225 killed, 163 wounded, and 600 captured. Among the British dead was Ferguson. A promising young officer, his breech-loading rifle was never adopted as it challenged the preferred British method of warfare. Had his men at Kings Mountain been equipped with his rifle, it may have made a difference. In the wake of the victory, Joseph Greer was dispatched on a 600-mile trek from Sycamore Shoals to inform the Continental Congress of the action. For Cornwallis, the defeat signaled stronger than anticipated resistance from the populace. As a result, he abandoned his march into North Carolina and returned south.

Wtih reference to this statement, describe how specific uses of ICT Essay

Wtih reference to this statement, describe how specific uses of ICT may be applied to 2 qualtiy initiatives in your area. Discuss how the application of these - Essay Example With the escalating demands of patients information was recognized as the foundation of efforts to cause improvement in the quality of care. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) was employed to increase efficiency, effectiveness and appropriateness of health care. Introduction of ICT caused positive impact on health care organizations and health care professionals. In Health Information : a National Strategy (2004) it was stated that, ICT offers many ways to make the health service more people-centered, improve the quality and safety of care, help staff to make better use of their time and expertise and promote greater efficiency. Today, electronic patient record system has led to fast and easy access to patient information. The current trend of using internet facility for communication between the practitioner and patient has contributed to better patient satisfaction and improved outcomes. Recording the patient initial assessment and response to treatment, recording the p lan of care with multi media has helped nurses immensely. In 1990’s, government decided to change its policies and increase its expenditure on health care to provide optimum health care to its citizens. The importance of improving the quality of care was recognized and appropriate measures were suggested. In the Quality and Fairness : a health system for you (2001) the Department of health and children proposed to implement a structured set of planned and systematic activities such as documentation, training and review to improve performance and prevent problems. Further, it was decided to employ evidence based practice

What sorts of ethical problems are posed by the fact of cultural Essay

What sorts of ethical problems are posed by the fact of cultural pluralism and how might the ethicist (that's you) respond to them - Essay Example This also raises the issue of cultural pluralism, moral absolution and ethical relativism which need to be understood from the wider perspective of pluralistic society and the ethical challenges that are posed. Cultural pluralism broadly defines the social structure that is distinct in its diversity vis-Ã  -vis culture, race and color. The cultural differentiation in the fast transforming political system has become a reality, As such, the autonomy of individuals irrespective of their color, race and culture is not only desirable but must be incorporated within the socio-cultural and legal paradigm of the region. Equal rights and freedom to speech and actions become essential components of societal norms. The states must therefore promote these values for peaceful co-existence. Philosophers have myriad views on the topic. Rawls (1993) believes that state must not intervene in personal choices of individual regarding their religion, culture etc. The actions of individuals must be rational such that they do not have adverse impact on others. But this may also produce ethical dilemma between moral absolution and ethic relativism. Moral absolutism supports normative ethics and believes that actions are either right or wrong. Kantian utilitarian theory (Schneewind, 1990) emphasizes moral obligations and asserts that actions that result in the good of maximum number of people are correct. This does not give way to doubts which in reality, is a very possible fact. It is especially true in the era of cultural diversity where moral relativism has emerged as critical aspect of one’s actions. Cultural pluralism highlights the different ideologies of various cultures that may view their actions differently as opposed to others. For example, polygamy is moral obligation in some community whereas in West, it is ethically wrong. Thus, challenge of moral relativism always exists in pluralistic culture. Ethical relativism also promotes the concept of differing views

Personality psychology Essay Example for Free

Personality psychology Essay â€Å"We are born at a given moment, in a given place and, like vintage years of wine, we have the qualities of the year and of the season of which we are born. Astrology does not lay claim to anything more† (Carl Gustav Jung). Ever since humans looked toward the sky for some kind of meaning to life and answers to the big questions, astrology has been a part of many people’s lives. It is also known to hold knowledge on one’s personality and character. After reading my Pisces personality profile, I realized that there are similarities and differences between my personality and the profile provided. Aside from the similarities, the profile also consists of traits which are different from my own. I feel that I am a long term planners and I am very decisive about my life goals as opposed to the profile which says that Pisces â€Å"[go] where the wind blows†. I feel that I am a very determined person and example of this is that in grade 8, I had thought about each and every single major step stone in my life. I had decided that I would go into McMasters to study Health Sciences, then go into UFT medical school, complete 3 years of specialization in neurology and after completing my residency, become a neurosurgeon. Saying that I go where the wind blows is an invalid statement. In addition, I do not feel that I have a strong connection with music which again disobeys the profile personality. It says that Pisces â€Å"[are] often channeled into creative outlets,† and have a strong connection in â€Å"music and film†. I feel it very hard to connect to music personally because I feel I have no relations with the topics a singer sings about. Even though certain music can be inspirational and represent an important topic, most of today’s music just seems to be about money, fame and girls. Just yesterday I felt depressed due though personal circumstances and thought music might aid but I personally had no relief. Moreover, I also disagree with the fact that I have â€Å"a feminine nature†. I consider myself being more masculine and bold. In particular, during my summer job when my employer asked me to do something I felt was unsafe, I gallantly spoke out whereas if I had a feminine nature I might have said nothing. As a result I feel that certain elements of this personality profile do not match with mine. In conclusion, there are similarities and differences between my personality and the profile personality provided. Even though it consisted of several traits which I felt resembled me, it also contained traits which I could not relate to. Scientists have always dismissed astrology as a load of old bunk. Now, a British astronomer has said that there might be something in it after all. Could the planets really control our fates? Bibliography Yoga, Lexi. 101 Astrology Quotes. October 2009. Web. 11 September 2010 .

Salvation Essay example -- Langston Hughes Religion Essays

Salvation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Langston Hughes’ essay â€Å"Salvation,† Langston talks about the first time he is going to be saved from sin. Langston is a young boy around the age of thirteen. He is going to church to see Jesus for the first time. In which case, he truly experiences religion for the first time in his life. Throughout this essay Langston uses many narrative techniques such as, imagery, metaphors, and irony to explain his interpretation of that one night when he did not see Jesus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was the night of the big revival, and Langston, a young boy going on the age of thirteen, was brought to his Aunt Reed’s church to see Jesus and be saved from sin. His aunt told him, â€Å"when you were saved from sin you saw a light, and something happened to you inside† (219). He believed her. When he was brought to church, his aunt directed him to the front row, where he sat calmly and patiently in the heat, waiting for the preacher to begin the service. The Preacher welcomed the â€Å"young lambs† (219) and started his sermon. Towards the end of his speech he invited the young children to the altar to be saved. At this point, Langston was confused because he was not seeing Jesus before him. All the young boys and girls sprang to their feet except Langston and another boy named Westley. They were the only two left on, what the parishioners of the church called, the â€Å"mourners’ bench† (218). Finally, Westley became very restless and decided that he was not going to sit on this bench anymore. Langston was left there all alone until his aunt ran over to him and asked him why he was not going to Jesus. She knelt there and prayed for him. Langston sat there waiting for something to happen, but nothing! He truly wanted to see Jesus but he did not. Finally, he thought to himself and saw that nothing had happened to Westley for lying about not seeing Jesus. Langston then decides that he, too, will go to the altar and lie, hoping that nothing will happen to him for lying to God. Suddenly, loud cries of rejoice were heard throughout the church and everyone was pleased to see that â€Å"all the new young lambs were blessed in the name of God† (220). That night Langston cried because he did not understand why he did not see Jesus. His aunt had heard him and explained to his uncle, â€Å"the Holy Ghost had come into my life† (220). From that point on he did not believe there was a Jesus, since he d... ...fighting his feelings about not seeing Jesus. He feels that he is lying to God and himself by getting up and being saved even though he cannot see Jesus. Even though the reader knows that he truly is being saved from sin. He is doing something good for himself. Therefore, we can see that he truly does not understand the meaning of God. He is a child on the verge of adulthood. He has every right to be confused and misinterpret religion because he is learning. Religion is metaphorical and imaginative; it is what you believe it to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Langston Hughes found himself in a world of misunderstanding. His confusion leads him to believe that there is no Jesus. This is part of the growing process. Learning from your own experience is the most important part of life. Conflict and struggle are also important aspects of life. They define each and every part of a human’s living day. Therefore, the narrative techniques used throughout this essay truly help the reader visualize what the author sees, feels, and hears. Work Citied Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Salvation.† Subjects and Strategies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ed. Paul Eschholz and Alfred Rosa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1999. 218-22.

Case Study : From Saga to Proton Essay

From a financial analyst perspective, has the proton management done a good job? Based on the financial performance of PROTON from 2005 till 2009, our observation from a financial analysis perspective showed that Proton management has not done a good job as far as financial performance is concern. The Key Financial Indicators (KFIs) covers measurements such as basic earnings per share, net assets per share; dividend paid as well as retained earnings carried forward. At a glimpse, almost all the KPI of Proton shows decrement throughout the years. Basic earnings per share (EPS) fluctuated vastly from 2005 to 2009. Proton recorded highest basic earnings per share of 80.6 in 2005. However, it can be observed that Proton faced severe problems by making loss in the shares, EPS of -107.3 in 2007 and EPS of -54.9 in 2009. Besides that, there is also a report with regards the net assets per share (NAPS). This net asset indicates the price at which shares are bought and sold, and represents co mpany’s value per share. Based on the information given, we can see that the NAPS of Proton had deteriorated from 2008 to 2009. The decreasing rate of dividend paid to the shareholders simply means company did not do very well. Dividend was not paid in 2008 as Proton needs to recover from the huge loss they held in 2007. Furthermore, the Balance Sheet displayed that the total assets owned by company decreased gradually from 2005 (RM 8, 830.9) to 2009 (RM 7,098.9). Other than that, increment in inventories indicates that sales order because higher inventory indicates poor sales resulting in higher cost to be incurred thus leads to the reduction in sales volume. In conclusion, we hold the believe that  Proton management had performed badly as portrayed by its deteriorating overall performance graph between the period in low basic earnings per share, low net assets per share, lower dividend paid to shareholders, low retained earnings carried forward, low total assets and high inventories count for the year 2009. Question 2 What characteristics should a foreign partner have that will enable maximum synergies? Synergy by definition means the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. To enable synergy, the foreign partner should be able to tackle Proton’s existing weakness. For instance, PROTON’s major problem would be quality control. The public usually complaint about the overall poor quality vehicles by PROTON over the years which indirectly affecting the financial result of the company, when its sales dwindled tremendously and continuously losing market share and which subsequently eroded the profit margin of the company. Therefore, a foreign partner that is known for its excellent quality of products would be a leap to induce a positive perception of Proton among the consumers which can help boost its revenues. Next, a foreign partnership with expertise and economies of scale is necessary which can encourage the sustainability of Proton. Since it has registered net loss for 2007 and 2009 indicating high cost that could not be covered with sufficient revenue generation, it’s very much clear that Proton lacks the efficiency in managing the cost, which leads to overall loss. To overcome this problem PROTON will need a partner that can help shoulder the exorbitant costs. Also, a foreign partner well known for its good reputation would be critical in order to elevate the already weak reputation of Proton among consumers. PROTON lacks an engine or platform to expand into the SUV and MPV markets, or the 2.0-litre and above segments. PROTON may need to collaborate with a foreign partner much in the wa y BMW and PSA Peugeot-Citroen are working together to develop new engines and technologies. Hence, the foreign partner should have the technological advances which Proton lacks. Furthermore, many of the green engine technologies that are emerging as a result of rising fuel prices and global warming would dictate the direction  of automotive development, and these are beyond PROTON capabilities. On its own, PROTON has limited funds for research and development. Therefore collaborating with bigger automotive players lend research and development (R&D) capabilities would be very beneficial, particularly in production of hybrid and electrical vehicles. Question 3 What broad consideration should determine the part of proton that are worth keeping and developing and matter of operation needs to be relocated or closed down? Proton needs to reconstruct its business structure by forgoing some part of business which are not worth keeping and expand those activities which generates ample profit. After analyzing Protons overall condition, firstly, the partnership with Lotus has helped Proton in strengthening the engineering, providing Proton an edge in Europe. Since Lotus is a British company that builds sports car, they have very well developed motor engineering technology which might be a gold opportunity for Proton to move forward and create more elegant and high-performance car models. In, Lotus even appeared in the Paris Auto Show 2010 with five slick looking sport cars. In order to move forward, Proton should seriously invest in R&D with its strategic partner Lotus, to strengthen quality which they are unable to do themselves. In order to draw sales, you have to know how to attract customers. PROTON’s investment in technology; seemed insufficient as now consumer expects better performance as per value of money. Proton should concentrate its energy on overall product improvements most importantly the engine. Perodua offered DVVT engine which is fuel efficient, but for decades PROTON continued using CAMPRO engine for all the cars. The idea is that they should try creating a car with a different engine as the perception build about Proton is that it has bad engine system to begin with. Possible solutions to mitigate the problems identified are by introducing additional value improvised features which focuses on fuel efficiency, convenience and safety. Next, Proton should also focus on providing excellent after sales service at its service centre Proton Edar. It is best to expand Proton by gaining their trust and loyalty. By proving security, reliance and great servicing skills, Proton will become an attractive deal because maintenance costs of transportation with is secured by warranty is one of the most crucial point of comparison between local and foreign cars as foreign cars  provide high security and assurance over their cars. Lastly, the management of Proton need to undergo total reconstruction. PROTON owns not one, but two factories that can output a combined maximum of 1.2 million cars a year, yet it builds only 156,845 units. If proton is not going to fully utilize its plant, it is better and more cost efficient for them to lease out the space to other car manufacturers so that it can generate profit from the unutilized space rather than living it unproductive. Question 4 From a review of the 2009 National Automotive Policy, are there areas of possible collaboration with Proton in the event of short of a full merger/takeover? There are areas found that will enable possible collaboration with Proton in the event of short merger or takeover based on reviewing the 2009 National Automotive Policy(NAP). The main objective of NAP is to ensure the development as well as long term competitiveness and capability of Proton. NAP also intends to create a conducive environment to attract possible new investment to enhance the sustainability of Proton. Firstly, the government offered tax incentive for high value-added part components. Through this, the high value-automotive-part manufacturers would enjoy 10-year 100% fiscal deduction on pioneer status or 5-year 100% tax exempted Investment Tax Allowance. This particular policy gives an opportunity to the company to make an investment in Malaysia and set up an alliance with Proton. Furthermore, it can benefit both parties because the investors can enjoy an incentive while Proton can improve the quality of their products with cost reduction due to the tax incentive thereby eliminating their reputation on low quality products. Meanwhile, tax incentive on training and R&D also gives huge opportunity to the investors particularly in the hybrid vehicle market. The trend of hybrid car is potentially expanding rapidly in Malaysia and research on the hybrid technology could produce higher return of investment and collaboration with Proton will give a cost saving to the companies and support Proton to pursue on producing hybrid cars. Besides, it can be cost-competitive for them if strategic alliance is set up with Proton since its plant in Tanjung Malim can be used for assembly hub for both the collaborating companies. Next, the full liberalization of local assembled luxury passenger cars can enable other foreign or local automotive firms to freely obtain manufacturing license and hold up to 100% stake in Proton pertaining to certain conditions. This could lead to possible alliances with Proton that can improvise the company’s under-utilized plant capacity. The full liberalization on assemble of luxury car also can give an opportunity to Proton to continue operating in low cost vehicle without any stiff competition and acquire more proportion of the market. So, strategic alliance with Proton in low cost vehicle segment will give strong position in the market which will help to boost the profits of the company. The policy on excise duty structure for imported vehicles CBU and locally assembled vehicles CKD’s would encourage foreign carmakers to consider possible collaboration with Proton in order to prevent the excise duty which will elevate their cost of production and continue producing cars in Malaysian market. Question 5 What other information not included in the case could help consultant Saiful Alawi make a more meaningful recommendation? Why? In order to come out with recommendation whether an investment and/or collaboration should be considered, Saiful Alawi has several things to be considered such as automotive market outlook and the national automotive policy. Apart from those, there are few other things that might also take into consideration for the recommendation in which one of them could be financial leverage for the company. Financial leverage refers to the degree to which an investor or business is utilizing borrowed money. High leverage indicating the company or an organization could be at risk of bankruptcy if they are unable to pay their debts as well as unable to find new lenders in future. However, financial leverage is not always bad as it can increase the shareholders’ return on investment and often there are tax advantages associated with the borrowed money. Proton should be disclosed the information about the debts of the company in its financial report or in its financial indicators. This is because, it would make it easier for the users to interpret the performance of the company in terms of the total debt to assets ratio, long  term debt to assets ratio, total debt to equity ratio as well as equity multiplier and other measurements related to the financial leverage ratio of the company. Besides that, Proton should also include the measurement related to the return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) of the company to know the level of profitable the company in which related to its total assets as well as the shareholders’ equity. Another thing that Saiful Alawi could take into consideration for the recommendation could be regarding the information of the opportunity of investment in other country. Other Asean countries also offered advantages and benefits of the investments in automotive industry. In Thailand, it has several hub of assembly of vehicle which very crucial for reduce transportation and distribution cost. Furthermore, Indonesia provided low labor cost and huge market capacity since the country among the highest population in Southeast Asia. Moreover, other countries also has a full pace of liberalisation and flexible in their automotive policies which the prices of the vehicle will be competitive. Finally, the other information that could help him is the environment and safety of Asean country. Malaysia is among the peaceful countries compared to others although the citizens were multiracitional. So, safety and harmonious environment is also important for the investors to make sure the stability of the operation and consistency in long-term run.

History of Tattoos Essay

In today’s world, it is not uncommon to see people covered in all types of body art, such as tattoos. Arms, legs, sometimes even faces, all painted with permanent ink. For what reason, some people ask. What’s the point having words, designs, or pictures permanently drawn onto your skin? I personally love tattoos; they’re an artistic way for people to express who they are and their originality. Tattoos are a way for people to showcase their inner differences. But the question is, where did tattooing start, and why? The word tattoo originates from the Tahitian word tattau, which means, â€Å"to mark.† An explorer James Cook, in his records from his 1769 expedition to the South Pacific, first mentioned this word. However, many scientists believe that the earliest known evidence of tattooing dates back 3300 B.C. due to 59 markings found on the skin of a mummified human body known as The Iceman (Demand Media Inc.). In 2160 B.C., tattooing became prevalent in Egypt. Several mummies displaying lines and dots tattooed all over their bodies have been recovered that date to as early as the XI Dynasty. Though these people had been mummified for thousands of years, the tattoo markings were still completely visible (Hemingson). The main reasons for these Egyptian tattoos are to connect with the Divine (like god, or God); as a tribute or act of sacrifice to a deity; as a talisman, a permanent amulet that cannot be los; or to provide magical or medical protection (Hemingson). Around 700 B.C. Ancient Greeks and Romans began tattooing, but for an entirely different reason. The use of tattoos, or â€Å"stigmata† (marks upon the body, sores, or sensations of pain in locations corresponding to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus Christ), were mainly used to mark someone as â€Å"belonging† either as a slave to an owner or to a religious sect or sometimes even as a disciplinary measure to mark people as criminals (Designboom). When the dynasty of Macedonian Greek monarchs ruled Egypt, the pharaoh Ptolemy IV was said to have had ivy leaves tattooed on himself. These leaves symbolized his devotion to the Greek god of wine, Dionysus. This fashion was also adopted by Roman soldiers, which then spread across the Roman Empire (Famento). During the rise of Christianity in 600 B.C., there was a widespread temporary standstill to tattooing in the Middle East and Europe. Saint Basil the Great, one of the most notable doctors of the Christian Church, warned: â€Å"No man shall let his hair grow long or tattoo himself as do the heathen, those apostles of Satan who make themselves despicable by indulging in lewd and lascivious thoughts. Do not associate with those who mark themselves with thorns and needles so that their blood flows to the earth† (Hemingson). During the gradual process of Christianization in Europe, tattoos were often considered remaining elements of paganism and generally legally prohibited. In the years 306-373, the Christian emperor Constantine completely banned tattoos. He felt that tattoos disfigured what was made in God’s image (Hemingson). Though this ban of tattoos was very powerful, it couldn’t completely eliminate tattooing from Europe or the Middle East. Tattooing worked its way back into these two religions between 500-1500 by holy pilgrims. During the Middle Ages, people would go on pilgrimages to the Holy Land, and the only proof that they had actually been there would be the tattoos they received from the Coptic priests. The basic tattoo the pilgrims usually returned with was a simple cross, but the more outgoing people returned with portraits of historical events from the bible inked into their skin (Hemingson). The earliest reference to British royalty being tattooed was King Harold II sometime between 1022 and1066. After King Harold II was killed in the Battle of Hastings, the only way his sister Edith could pick out which body was his was from the words ‘Edith’ and ‘England’ that were tattooed upon his chest (History of Tattooing). Tattooing started evolving into a form of art in the 1600’s. The Japanese word irezumi refers to the insertion of ink to the skin leaving a permanent, decorative mark, which in other words, means tattooing in how we see it today. Tattooed marks were still used as a punishment during this time, but there were fads of decorative tattoos coming and going throughout the years. The release of the popular Chinese novel Suikoden, a story of bravery illustrated with extravagant woodblock prints demonstrating heroic men with their bodies permanently painted with mythical creatures, flowers, and other images, inspired many people to get tattoos similar to what they had seen. Woodblock artists began tattooing their designs onto human flesh just the same as they would create their woodblock prints, using chisels, gouges, and ink known as Nara ink. This ink turns blue-green underneath the skin (Irezumi). Between 1766 and 1779, Captain James Cook voyaged out into the South Pacific three times After these voyages to Polynesia, Cook and his crew told stories of people covered in tattoos that they had seen, referring to them as â€Å"tattooed savages†. Cook’s Science Officer, Sr. Joseph Banks, returned to England with a tattoo. Many of Cook’s ordinary men came back with tattoos, a tradition that soon became associated with men of the sea. These sailors and seamen re-introduced Europe to tattooing (History of Tattooing). As soldiers and sailors began returning home from conquest and trade wearing tattoos in various places on their bodies in the early 1800’s, tattooing starting to become very popular among Western societies. These men had imitated the tattooing practices they had witnessed from the people of Asia, Africa, and the South Pacific. Ordinary working class men wore tattoos on their body to symbolize their pride (Hemingson). Also in the early 1800’s, doctors and others in the medical field began voicing their concerns of tattooing. Many doctors felt that tattoos could cause many complications to ones well-being. A leading doctor wrote about a woman who had died from an infection caused by a tattoo in 1837. In 1853 a physician reported the first case in which syphilis was transmitted by tattooing. Back in these days, tattoo artists had no knowledge that using the same needles for multiple customers without cleaning them spreads diseases. It wasn’t uncommon to clean off a fresh tattoo with saliva, tobacco juice, or even urine (Hemingson). Several tattoo artists found jobs in Washington DC during the Civil War. A man who was German born, Martin Hildebrandt, started his tattooing career in 1846 and was considered the best tattoo artist at that time. He tattooed military members from both Union and Confederate camps. In 1870, the first American tattoo studio was opened by Hildebrandt (Hemingson). Samuel O’Reily opened tattoo studio in 1875. During this time, tattoos were done by hand, using needles attached to a wooden handle. The tattoo artist would dip the needles in ink and move their hand up and down, puncturing the skin with 2-3 needles per second. Tattooing by hand was a very slow process, and required good manual skill. Since O’Reily was not only a great tattoo artist, but also a mechanic and technician, he began to work on a machine that could help speed up the tattooing process. O’Reily created a hand-held machine where the needles could move up and down automatically. This invention made tattooing as fluent as drawing. In 1981 O’Reily patented his invention and offered it for sale. Tattooing in the US was revolutionized over night. Sailors lined up to be tattooed by O’Reily and his apprentice Charles Wagner. At this point in time, over 80% of the US Navy was tattooed (Hemginson). During the Holocaust in 1939, concentration camp prisoners received tattoos at the Auschwitz concentration camp complex. Over 400,000 prisoners were assigned a serial number and branded, or tattooed, with that number (History of Tattooing). In 1961, New York City banned tattoos and tattoo parlors due to a hepatitis outbreak. This ban wasn’t lifted until 1997. Recently, many towns in New Jersey have removed the bans to avoid legal challenges and have applied rules to regulate tattooing (James). Starting in the 1990’s, tattoos had started being linked to the American fine art world. The number of academy trained artists entering the tattooing profession seemed to be growing each year, doubling since the 1980’s. Art schools and programs started turning out more trained artists than the mainstream art world could absorb, so many art school graduates migrated towards the tattooing industry (Hemingson). It is apparent that tattooing has been widely practiced in all parts of the globe, dating back to ancient times. Throughout history, tattooing, as well as other types of body art, has been related to religion, emotions, inner expression, and even punishment. Tattooing has occurred and still occurs in cultures everywhere and is widely popular in todays American society.

Success of Online Learning

Success of Online Learning Free Online Research Papers Different studies have been made regarding the success rate of online distance learning. Some show a significant higher pass rate versus the classical classroom approach. Example of this is a study conducted at the Riverside Community College (Anon, 2008) showing a significant higher number of achievements for mathematical courses delivered through the internet (average 66%) versus traditional courses (average 50%). An other study at a College of the Sequoias in California (COS) revealed just the opposite, with a 70% success rate for the face-to-face course versus only 46.6% success for students in distance education (Rapid Intellect Group Inc., 2004). This immediately shows that neither formulas in themselves are a guarantee for success. Several factors have an impact on the final result. There exists a huge variety in the types of courses offered through distance learning. Some simply provide a text to read, others check students learnings through online multiple choice tests, and yet others develop a more personal relationship with and between participants. Although some approaches were statistically proven to be more successful than others, it is the responsibility of the student to find the course and the way of working best suited for his personal situation. Characteristics of Virtual Education One of the great advantages of asynchronous online learning, is the freedom and the flexibility this offers to the student. He can choose when and where to study, combining his academical ambitions with his work obligations and social agenda. This, on the other hand, seems to be one of the great pitfalls (Reid, n.d.). With no fixed time table, the student must find his own way to keep all those balls in the air and manage his time in the most efficient way. This requires self-knowledge, time management and discipline. Even though this often is a new way of studying, it is a situation most professionals have learned to deal with throughout their working experience. He will have developed his own method to respect deadlines and to keep an overview of the tasks at hand, and a similar methodology will have to be used to get the most out of his studies. A second great advantage is the opportunity to learn from others, and their experience. Adult students have learned a great deal during their career, both from a knowledge point of view as with regards to behavioural development. They have acquainted the processes and procedures of their company and most likely helped to shape or fine-tune some of them. Distance learning now gives them the change to not only discover new theoretical aspects, but also how they are applied in other environments. This may lead to a critical assessment of their own way of working, and the sharing of best practices. Conclusion There are many different formats and formulas of online learning. None offer a guarantee for success. Aspirant students should first carefully assess their personal situation: what motivates them; what do they want to achieve; how much time do they have available; do they master the required technological skills, †¦ Knowles (1980 cited in Galusha, n.d.) believes that† learner behaviour is influenced by a combination of the learners needs plus the learners situation and personal characteristics. Knowing these personal characteristics is an important aspect of planning distance learning course-ware and strategies.† REFERENCES Anon. (2008) Delivery Method and Success in MAT63MAT64MAT52 [Online] Riverside Community College. Available from: http://academic.rcc.edu/ir/Research/Delivery%20Method%20and%20success%20in%20MAT63MAT64MAT52.doc (Accessed 30 May 2010) Galusha J.M. (n.d.) Barriers to Learning in Distance Education [Online] The Infrastruction Network. University of Southern Mississippi. Available from: infrastruction.com/barriers.htm (Accessed 1 June 2010) Rapid Intellect Group Inc. (2004) Impacting distance learning success rates [Online] Available from: thefreelibrary.com/Impacting+distance+learning+success+rates-a0129973235 (Accessed 30 May 2010) Reid (n.d.) What Every Student Should Know About Online Learning [Online] Kennesaw Georgia: Kennesaw State University. Available from: ion.uillinois.edu/resources/tutorials/overview/reid.html (Accessed 30 May 2010) Research Papers on Success of Online LearningStandardized TestingThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseResearch Process Part OnePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperEffects of Television Violence on Children

How to Trace American Indian Roots in Your Ancestry

How to Trace American Indian Roots in Your Ancestry Whether you want to become an enrolled member of a federally recognized tribe, verify a family tradition that you descended from an American Indian, or just want to learn more about your roots, researching your Native American family tree beings just like any other genealogy research - with yourself. Start Your Climb Up the Family Tree Unless you have a large collection of facts on your Indian ancestor, including names, dates, and tribe, it is usually not helpful to begin your search in Indian records. Learn everything that you can about your parents, grandparents, and more distant ancestors, including ancestral names; dates of birth, marriages, and death; and the places where your ancestors were born, married, and died. You can start by constructing your family tree. Track Down the Tribe During the initial phase of your research, the goal, especially for tribal membership purposes, is to establish and document the relationships of Indian ancestors and to identify the Indian tribe with which your ancestor may have been affiliated. If youre having trouble finding clues to your ancestors tribal affiliation, study the localities in which your Indian ancestors were born and lived. Comparing this with Indian tribes that historically resided in or currently live in those geographical areas may help you to narrow down the tribal possibilities. The Tribal Leaders Directory published by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs lists all 566 federally recognized American Indian Tribes and Alaska Natives in a PDF document. Alternatively, you can access this same information through an easy-to-browse database of Federal and State Recognized American Indian Tribes, from the National Conference of State Legislators. John R. Swantons, The Indian Tribes of North America, is another excellen t source of information on more than 600 tribes, sub-tribes, and bands. Learn Background on Each Tribe Once youve narrowed your search to a tribe or tribes, it is time to do some reading on tribal history. This will not only help you understand the traditions and culture of the tribe in question but also evaluate your family stories and legends against historical facts. More general information on the history of Native American tribes can be found online, while more in-depth tribal histories have been published in book form. For the most historically accurate works, look for tribal histories published by University Press. Research Using the National Archives Once youve identified the tribal affiliation of your Native American ancestors, it is time to begin research in records about American Indians. Because the U.S. federal government interacted frequently with the Native American tribes and nations during the settlement of the United States, many useful records are available in repositories such as the National Archives. The Native American collection at the National Archives includes many of the records created by branches of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, including annual tribal census rolls, lists relating to Indian removal, school records, estate records, and claims and allotment records. Any American Indian who fought with federal troops may have a record of veterans benefits or bounty land. For more information on the specific records held by the National Archives, visit their Native American Genealogy guide or check out Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians, compiled by archivi st Edward E. Hill. If you want to do your research in person, most of the main tribal records are stored at the National Archives Southwest Region in Fort Worth, Texas. Even more accessible, some of the most popular of these records have been digitized by NARA and placed online for easy searching and viewing in the National Archives Catalog. Online Native American records at NARA include: Index to the Final (Dawes) Rolls of the Five Civilized TribesIndex to Applications Submitted for the Eastern Cherokee Roll of 1909 (Guion-Miller Roll)Wallace Roll of Cherokee Freedmen in Indian Territory, 1890Kern-Clifton Roll of Cherokee Freedmen, January 16, 18671896 Citizenship Applications Bureau of Indian Affairs If your ancestors had land in trust or went through probate, the BIA field offices in selected areas throughout the United States may have some records concerning Indian ancestry. However, the BIA field offices do not maintain current or historical records of all individuals who possess some degree of Indian blood. The records the BIA holds are current rather than historic tribal membership enrollment lists. These lists (commonly called rolls) do not have supporting documentation (such as birth certificates) for each tribal member listed. The BIA created these rolls while the BIA maintained tribal membership rolls.

Violations of religious tolerance that the Danish cartoons of Muhammad Essay

Violations of religious tolerance that the Danish cartoons of Muhammad have committed - Essay Example The last part engages the international resulting towards the cartoons, and how part of them were brutal. Consequently, a wrap up will be derived to attest that the Danish cartoons have violated and broke religious forbearance in wider and tremendous basis. To start with the very first explains the cartoons’ narrative, its reasoning, and will include a depiction concerning some of the drawings. The cartoons were initially printed in Denmark by a Danish newspaper known as Jyllands-Posten. It published 12 cartoon images on the 30thof September 2005. The intention which led to the publication was undecided raising to some argue that it was founded on an experiment conducted to rise above self- suppression (Saloom, 2006).On same front, this lead to hatred and animosity from this newspaper since the 1990s on the Muslim contingent of Denmark. When it all commenced with publishing Amin’s story, a Muslim boy who was suspended from school for his rejection to shower naked amongst students in the same bathroom (Hervik, 2012). According to this narrative every offensive images of prophet Muhammad showed him like a cruel and unacquainted being, though, one in consideration has been to the Danish cartoons notice, was the drawing of Muhammad holding a bomb fused in whereby he was in a regalia. Hence, I portrayed of Islamic faith, surrounding the bomb held by the prophet. Other cartoons are fond of portrayal Prophet Muhammad holding a sword ready for a battle. While the second one showed women next to him while they rose against violence too. This offensive illustration have largely put in much empasy in two westernization on how the Muslim faith, more so about views of their belief as vicious and inhuman to women. Additionally analysis on Muslims has never been altered while the shocking incident of 9/11 occurred. Muslims and Arabs contingent are known to be much of violent and racist people. The following

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Question - Essay Example Intelligence is a personal resource that helps a person to attain personal growth and adjustment into a learning environment. Intelligence is a shield against psychological stress and diseases. Personality on the other hand, is an icon of the intellectual capability of an individual. It affects the person's academic performance by influencing the intellectual functioning of the person. Personality factors determine the results of intelligence test. Personality is responsible for the development of cognitive-adoptive ability that enhances a person's capability to cope with a certain learning environment (American Psychological Association, 1999, p. 30). Personality develops context-bound practical intelligence. This is the kind of intelligence that enables an individual to handle a situational context, and in the case of a learning environment, the learner is able to handle the learning environmental situations, and adapt to the learning environment accordingly. Life span theories have great influence on the teaching strategies that teachers adopt. Life span theories shape the strategies of teaching in that, the instructor must put in mind that, there are general principles that guide development in human beings at different levels of human development (American Psychological Association, 1999, p. 31).

Descartes Meditation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Descartes Meditation - Essay Example Despite the fact that Descartes does recognize him to be a being that is imperfect, he has an ability to entertain God’s idea as a perfect existence. The fact that he is not able to form such an idea by himself, there has to be the idea’s greater course. This argument basis itself on a scholastic belief that there has to be as much reality within the cause same as within the effect (Rene, p.70). Therefore, any perfection ideas require their perfect causes. To respond to the argument, one can deny the principle as well as claim not to have God’s perfect Idea. Rather, an individual can claim to have an approximation only, of the perfect idea. Due to the fact that individuals’ idea of God would not be perfect then, it would not need a perfect course, as well as the conclusion, would not follow. It is in the fifth meditation that the second argument of God’s existence occurs. Despite the fact the there is different wording, it recalls the ontological argument of Anselm in the 11th century. Descartes’ consideration here is the perfect being idea as well as what is contained in such an idea. If the being happens to perfect truly, then it would not lack anything. Consequently, there is no chance that it would lack existence. Therefore, the essence of God does contain his existence (Rene, p.89). God’s existence argument following essentially from his essence has implications as well for the thought of the evil deceiver that is mentioned within the 1st meditation. If god happens to be perfect, there is no way he can be a deceiver. In addition, there is no way he can lead an individual into error. Deceit, as well as an induced error, would not be consistent with an imperfect being’s character. Due to the fact that he cannot lead an individual into error, the individual will be able to obtain knowledge on all the matters he doubted within the 1st meditation, particularly the truth on material objects. Descartes claimed that error does not  arise within the ideas of individuals, which are within individuals’ conscious states themselves, however, in judgments that individuals make, there exists something distinct from individuals’ conscious ideas, which cause such ideas to exist within the conscious minds of individuals.  

Social Exclusion Deprivation

Social Exclusion Deprivation Social Exclusion Deprivation â€Å"In recent decades, crime prevention has taken on increasingly exclusive forms What is Social Exclusion? According to Vleminckx and Berghman (2001), â€Å"social exclusion† is a concoction (or blend) of multidimensional and mutually reinforcing processes of deprivation, associated with progressive dissociation from social milieu, resulting in the isolation of individuals and groups from the mainstream of opportunities society has to offer. Mayers, et.al., (2001) defined it as an inability to exercise the social rights of citizens to a basic standard of living and as barriers to participation in the major social and occupational opportunities of the society. Methodologists (Atkinson et. al. 2002) use the term as â€Å"shorthand for a range of concerns considered to be important in setting the European social agenda† and in ‘the fields that people have in mind when they talk about social rights.† In contrast to poverty, which is exclusively economic, material, or resource-based, social exclusion offers a more holistic understanding of deprivation (de Haan 1999). The risk of crime increases with social exclusion and low income: people living in poorer areas tend to be more at risk than people living in more affluent areas. (Bowling, 1998). Based on Eurostat 2000 the following are the indicators of Social Exclusion: Financial difficulties in the household; unaffordability of some basic needs; unaffordability of consumer durables; disadvantageous housing conditions; poor health: life expectancy; self-perceived health status; Infrequent contacts with friends and relatives and dissatisfaction with work or main activity. These indicators are the main cause of crimes in the society. This drive the European government as well as the Americans to create preventive method in order to decrease the statistics of crimes committed. Crime rate rises during the Cultural Revolution was followed by economic crisis and great individualism, which began in most advanced industrial countries before the early Seventies and then continued to rise, often at a greatly augmented rate, as the economic recession began to bite. In the Eighties and Nineties, the process of social exclusion is involved. The process includes the involving of the transformation and separation of the labour markets and the rise in structural unemployment, and the exclusion arising out from the attempts to control the crime that arises from changed circumstances and excluding nature of anti-social behaviour. The process of desegregation in the sphere of community and the sphere of work The erosion of the inclusive world of the modernist period, involved processes of desegregation both in the sphere of community (the rise of individualism) and the sphere of work (transformation of the labour markets). As an example, from a situation where exclusion creates crimes to one where attempts at inclusion are met by violence and aggression. The most prominent change during the post-War period, is the entry of women into the labour market and their participation in public life whether leisure, politics, the arts, is per haps the most profound structural change of the post-War period. Today crimes are committed as a result of exclusion. The case of violence against women is a key example, although racist violence is a close parallel. Violence in these two examples can occur, therefore, as a result of exclusion and inclusion, and it can be caused by relative deprivation and by clashes among individuals demanding equality and others resisting them. Of course, where both relative deprivation and individualism occur together as in the macho-culture of lower class, young unemployed males when confronting the demands for equality of women, often in poorly paid yet steady employment, one would expect a particularly high rate of conflict often resulting in the preference to setting up homes separately and the preponderance of single mothers. Because of the increasing number of crimes committed caused by the indicators mentioned above crime prevention has taken into exclusive form. The future of exclusion does not augur well. Firstly, the demand for unskilled and semi-skilled manual labour has contracted in all the countries of the First World. The globalization of capital has meant that the factories of South East Asia can compete much more cheaply than in Europe and North America. The poor are isolated in inner-city ghettos, in orbital estates, and in ghost towns where capital originally led them, then left them stranded as it winged its way elsewhere, where labour was cheaper and expectations lower. Crime Prevention Methods There are several inclusive and exclusive forms in preventing crime; it includes 1) Situational crime prevention; 2) Social crime prevention; 3) Situational crime prevention objective is to reduce crime by managing, designing and augmenting the physical environment by: a) reducing the opportunity to commit crime, simply by making it harder to offend; b) increasing the risk of detection if deterrence fails; and c) reducing the rewards of crime. The installation of surveillance cameras in public places, controlling access to buildings, car steering locks and gun controls are examples of situational measures that aim to reduce opportunities for the commission of crime. Security guards, baggage screening and surveillance cameras, are examples of situational measures aimed at increasing the risk of offenders being caught. Removing car stereos, cleaning up graffiti and property marking are examples of situational measures that may reduce the rewards of crime. It has been argued that crime displacement significantly diminishes the efficacy of situational crime prevention strategies for while crime rates may decrease in the area where situational projects have been undertaken, they might increase in other areas where these measures do not appear to exist. Social crime prevention By changing the social rather than the physical environment, social or community crime prevention prevents offending unlike the situational crime prevention. Interventions in this case provide tools for communities to use in an effort to minimize criminal behaviour by changing social conditions. The aim is to strengthen community bonds, increase levels of informal social control and thus stops actual or potential offenders. Social crime prevention measures could focus on making those who are in the way of offending feel more integrated into the community e.g. schemes such as youth drop in centres and activity groups Developmental crime prevention either involves the early identification of potential offenders or victims and intervenes in some way to keep them from realising that potential or, works with those who have already offended or been victimised to prevent further offending or victimisation from taking place. (www.aic.gov.au). For example, at the offender level, prevention could take the form of early childhood intervention for those deemed to be at risk of offending. Projects in this case might attempt to improve childrens health (physical and/or mental) and educational achievement. For those who have already offended, the prevention of future criminality could be sought through rehabilitation strategies aimed at reforming them through various treatment regimes. Victim-focussed prevention could also be centred on early intervention for those considered at risk of victimisation or take place after victimisation has occurred to prevent repeat victimisation. Thus, victim-focussed intervention might include educational campaigns warning young children about the dangers of getting into cars with strangers or self-defence courses for women. Secondly, the introduction of more and more sophisticated computer software will eliminate many lower middle class jobs as well as making many lower rung professional jobs increasingly precarious. Reference Atkinson, T.,et.al. (2002), Social Indicators: The EU and Social Inclusion, London: Oxford University Press. Bowling, B. (1998) Violent Racism: Victimisation, policing and social context. Oxford: Carendon Press) De Haanm A., (1999) Social Exclusion: Towards a Holistic Understanding of Deprivation Mayers, D. (2001), Introduction: In Social Exclusion and European Policy, p 1-26, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar. Preventing crime in Australia 1990 2002: a selected register of crime prevention projects http://www.aic.gov.au/research/cvp/register/def.html Vleminckx, Koen, and Joseph, Bergman, (2001), Social Exclusion and the Welfare State: An Overview of Conceptual Issues and Policy Implications. P27-46. Young, J. FROM INCLUSIVE TO EXCLUSIVE SOCIETY: NIGHTMARES IN THE EUROPEAN DREAM, http://www.malcolmread.co.uk/JockYoung/inclexcl.htm

Computer Simulations of Physics :: Physics, Computers, Applications, Technologies

Computer simulations are used very much in physics. Simple ones are used to do demonstrations of basic mechanics problems that would not normally be possible. Complex ones are used to simulate problems involving fluids, plasma, and turbulence. Some of these simulations are so complicated that entire installations are dedicated to them. There are many different applications of physics simulations. Almost all things in physics can be demonstrated. However, many of these things are much more fesable to simulate rather than to a physical demosntration. Many mechanics problems fall into this category. While bringing a pool table into the classroom is nearly impossible, running a computer program that simulates balls on a pool table is no problem. Also, with a computer program it is possible to simulate ideal situations, with frictionless surfaces, massless wires, and no air drag. Computer simulations also let us examine situations that are unlikely, but still demonstrate the basic laws of mechanics. Very often, computers are used to simulate complex systems in physics. Two systems that computers are very often used in studying are plasma and turbulence. Computer simulations are used extensivley, if not almost exclusively. Many plasma simulations such as those shown above are simulations of plasma in a Tokomak, a fusion reactor. They are simulated because large amounts of computer time are still cheaper than building a working reactor. Turbulence Computers are also used for numerical analysis of turbulent flows in fluids. Often, a point-by-point substiitution into the Navier-Stokes Equations (below) will be used. Most simulation of physics is done solely for research.

Audiences and Publics Are Important in Media Convergence Culture

SCHOOL OF MEDIA, CULTURE AND CREATIVE ARTS ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET To be attached to all assignments (ALL SECTIONS MUST BE COMPLETED) STUDENT NAME:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦HAO JING WEI†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ STUDENT ID:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15646457†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ UNIT NAME AND NUMBER:†¦MCI212 Consumers, Audiences, Publics and Users DUE DATE:†¦Critical essay 15 October 2012 (by 4pm via email) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. WORD COUNT:†¦1800 – 2200 words †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. TUTORIAL DAY AND TIME:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11am to 2pm, Wednesday, C25†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. TUTOR’S NAME:†¦Ms.Lai Jia Weng †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT YOUR TUTOR’S NAME IS ON ALL SUBMITTED ASSIGNMENTS DECLARATION: I declare that I have retained a copy of this assignment. I have read and understood Curtin University policies on Plagiarism and Copyright and declare that this assignment complies with these policies. I declare that this assignment is my own work and has not been submitted previously in any form for assessment. Signature:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Hao Jing Wei†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15. 10. 2012†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Audiences and Publics Are Important in Media Convergence Culture IntroductionAfter we have studied about consuming culture through module 1, now all of us should know about consumption better. As we know audiences and publics are important parts in consuming culture – such as audiences purchase goods, shopping, living, traveling, education, services and so on, the world especially the consumption world is all about audiences and publics, at the same time they play a very important role in convergence culture as well. In today’s increasingly digital cultural, the way consumers consume and the way publics and audiences communicate are totally different from the traditional media times.Nowadays, people require both of physical and mental for life satisfaction such as purchase more healthy foods, watch digital TV, go to higher education, have internet services and so on. Convergence culture is the outcome of the rapid development of new information and communication technologies. According to â€Å"†¦Media convergence must also be seen as having a cultural logic of its own, blurring the lines between production and consumption, between making media and using media, between active or passive spectatorship†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Deuze, 2007, p. 74)From this quote we know that media convergence makes several changes between production and consumption, between making media and using media, between active or passive spectatorship of mediated culture. In this essay there are four main points to discuss how audiences and publics play roles in convergence culture. Discussions Firstly, the role audiences and publics play has been changed from passive to active. With the high technology development of media, new media has become more and more important than old media. Back to 20th century, old media such as TV was the main trend in the world and controlled audience.For instance, as we know all the TV programs will follow a fixed schedule, audiences only can watch whatever the TV programmes show, once you miss the show, then you will miss the show ever, unless the TV channels broadcast again. While nowadays, with the digital TV appeared, the audiences have become from passive to active. First of all, the digital TV can broadcast programmes at the same time, and based on â€Å"†¦Another huge advantage of digital television is that digital data takes up less bandwidth, meaning more channels can be broadcast at the same time.This gives viewers much more choice in what they watch and allows for follow up channels which broadcast the same programs as their namesake, just an hour later†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Davies, n. d. ) And â€Å"†¦Digital TV from Telenet: watch whatever you want, whenever you want†¦(Digital television, n. d. ). These mean the audiences can watch different shows at the same time, as well as they can switch programmes to whatever they want to watch. This kind of changes is a big different from analog TV. Next, digital TV allows audiences to pause or record live broadcasts at the click of a button.According to â€Å"†¦With Telenet Digital TV you can pause prog rams and rewind programs that you have viewed. You can record a program by simply pushing one button and your recording is immediately stored digitally on a hard disk†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Digital television, n. d. ), so you no longer have to miss your favourite TV programmes! And based on â€Å"†¦However, it’s a great leap to presume that the availability of digital networked technologies turns everyone into active participants. †(van Dijak, 2009, p. 44) From these quotes and examples we can see that audiences and publics are not passive any more.Secondly, audiences and publics have more participation and interactive with production company. For instance, Big Brother is a reality TV from United Kingdom and developed in the late 1990s. This TV programme offers audiences go to the onscreen world of the programme, use mobile phones and automatic number redial techniques to try and ensure their candidate in the house emerged the winner. These are two special points of Big B rother. According to â€Å"†¦Over the past 15 years, viewers have increasingly acted as participants in game shows, quizzes, talk shows and make-over programmes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (van Dijak, 2009, p. 3) And â€Å"†¦particularly the surge of reality television has boosted the of ‘ordinary people’ in broadcast productions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Teurlings, 2001) and â€Å"†¦In addition, the popularity of personal and communal media (home movies, home videos, community television) has profoundly affected television culture, particularly since the 1980s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (van Dijak, 2009, p. 43) And based on â€Å"†¦Viewers were encouraged to visit the websites, and for a small subscription fee, could buy additional access to coverage of the more intimate activities, likes and dislikes, directly to the gained from syndicated†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ross, 2003, p. ), from these quotes we can see that the audiences have more interactive than before and the production company tr y to require unprecedented levels of interactivity with public as well. Thirdly, the perspectives of audiences and publics have more influences on programmes producing. Not only TV programmes but also all media programmes need audiences, need public. If a production company produces a programme without listening to the voice of audiences, it is just like flowers are far away from soil, fishes are far away from water. Without audiences, the progranmme is dead sooner or later.Based on â€Å"†¦Similarly, producers of popular television entertainment – such as soap operas or police dramas – are developing innovative ways to collect audience feedback, and then applying this information to the development of new characters and plotlines, as well as to include the most current social issues in their shows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Deuze, 2007. p. 75) And according to â€Å"†¦A very important reason is to understand your audience. The more you know about the types of people i n your audience, their backgrounds, their interests, and their preferences, the better you can be at making programs to suit them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Know Your Audience, n. . ) With the development of media convergence, audiences’ interests have become more and more important. â€Å"†¦The intensity of emotional involvement exhibited by viewers of reality TV led programme executives to consider new ways to monitor, channel and exploit viewer interest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ross, 2003, p. 3) From the quotes we can see that audiences’ perspectives play an important role in the development of programmes producing and audience curiosity is subject to commercial exploitation. Fourthly, audiences and publics play more than one roles in media convergence culture. †¢ Audiences as users †¦In the development of a professional identity among media workers, can be illustrated by a November 2005 survey by the Pew Internet and American Life Project among teenagers in the United St ate, which report concludes:’ Some 57% of online teens create content for the internet. ’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Deuze, 2007, p. 76) And based on â€Å" †¦During 2005, online social network sites like MySpace and Facebook became common destinations for young people in the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Boyd, 2005, p. 119) From these quotes, we can see that with the rapid development of Internet technology, social networks appeared into people’s life, especially for the young generation.Facebook is the world’s largest social network, with over 1 billion monthly active users. â€Å"†¦Young people were logging in, creating elaborate profiles, publicly articulating their relationships with other participants, and writing extensive comments back and forth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Boyd, 2005, p. 119) Users can create blogs, create or work on a webpage for school, an organizations, or a friend, share original content such as photos, opinions, stories, videos online, or art work and so on. Another example is Sina Weibo. Weibo† in Chinese stands for micro-blog, it has been launched recently in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and North America. Sina Weibo is China’s twitter, it is the hottest mircroblogging services in China now and it’s activity around Chinese Diaspora. â€Å"†¦In Weibo, the user can post pictures and embed videos directly into their feed. Much like in Facebook, the media is thumbnailed and will expand if clicked on instead of opening up a completely new page/tab as in Twitter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Jou, 2012) Based on â€Å"†¦According to Sina, Weibo has a registered total user base of 358 million, of which roughly 36. million active users daily†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Jou, 2012) And according to â€Å"†¦It consumes 90% market shares of China’s microblogging services, with more than 140 million users in less than 2 years, while Twitter gained 200 million users in less than 5 years. It’s new, itâ €™s hot, and it’s becoming bigger and stronger†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Falcon, n. d. ) Bade on these data, we can know that social networks have become an important part of people’s life. â€Å"Social network sites are based around profiles, a form of individual (or, less frequently, group) home page, which offers a description of each member.In addition to text, images, and video created by the member, the social network site profile also contains comments from other member and a public list†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Boyd, 2005, p. 123) According to â€Å"†¦Identity refers to our own sense of self and how we are seen by our communities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Social Design, n. d. ) And â€Å"†¦Social Design defines how we understand ourselves and each other and can be broken down into three core elements: Identity, Conversation and Community†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Social Design, n. d. ) Users can create their individual profiles based on their own identity, such s you can design how your homepage looks like, share what you are interested, show privacy information about yourself to public etc. †¢ Audiences as citizen journalists With the social networks appeared, audiences are not only a group of people who receive messages, news and information but also be senders to send information, publish news. Audiences as public also can share information and news in the first place, that is we called citizen journalism. â€Å"†¦Citizen journalism is when private individuals do essentially what professional reporters do – report information†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rogers, n. . ) And â€Å"†¦The Internet gave average people the ability to transmit information globally†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rogers, n. d. ). From these quotes we know that as the development of Internet technology, nowadays everyone could be a journalist to publish what happen around us and around the world. According to â€Å"†¦New media technology, such as social networking and media-sharing websit es, in addition to the increasing prevalence of cellular phones, have made citizen journalism more accessible to people worldwide†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Citizen Journalism, n. d. ).We know that citizens can often report breaking news more quickly than professional media reporters. Such as â€Å"†¦two predominant groups of youth published information, calls to action, documentation of policy brutality, and coordinated their planning and activities via Facebook and Twitter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Anemic Portrayal of, 2012). Another example is â€Å"†¦was a topic on The Call, and the show’s blog post for the topic incorporates citizen-generated content into the posts. The post starts off with a brief intro by host John Schiumo, a nice fresh statement that goes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"The Call† interactive, 2012) The third example is â€Å"†¦At 10:25 p. . on May 1, 2011, Keith Urbahn, who happened to be the former chief of staff for Donald Rumsfeld but in this case was funct ioning as a citizen journalist, tweeted: â€Å"So I’m told by a reputable person†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (How citizen journalism, 2012) The last example is â€Å"†¦Online petitions undoubtedly, though, do represent a fabulous means of exercising one’s civic voice and leverage a response from public officials. In this example, New York City restored most of the proposed cuts to its public library budget due†¦ † (Petition power, 2012) As those examples tells us citizen journalism is more and more popular for media audiences.This is the outcome of development of Internet technology and development of mobile phone technology. Today, you can use your mobile phone to surf the internet while watch a TV programme, or watch a programme that was on TV last night on your smartphone while you are on the way to work and so on. There are too many changes in people’s life. Conclusions â€Å"All over the world, as audiences increasingly take control of their media and communications use, traditional business models are being forced to adapt quickly to the new realities of the digital era. † (Convergence Review, 2010. From the quote, we know that audiences and publics play important roles. Everyone has been in an audience, we have all been part of a group of people who come together to experience film, music, foods, traveling or other social activities. In media convergence, â€Å"All media events are audiences events since they require people to hang out in media time-spaces where they physically, mentally and emotionally engage with media materials, technologies and power structures. † (Ross, 2003. p. 6). Audiences are any group of people who receive a media text, it could be ny format such as Internet, TV news, radio programmes, newspapers and so on. Audiences are not only be audience any more, they also could be consumers and users at the same time in new media terms. They are not a group of people who receive messages and be pass ive any more, they are more active, participate and interactive with media convergence. Word count: 2106 References Anemic Portrayal of. (n. d). 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